Diabetes mellitus, commonly known as diabetes, is a metabolic disease that leads to high blood sugar levels. In 2019, an estimated 77 million individuals in India had diabetes, and this number is projected to increase to over 134 million by 2045. Globally, about 422 million people suffer from diabetes, with the majority residing in low- and middle-income countries, and approximately 1.5 million deaths are directly linked to diabetes annually. The Role of Insulin: The hormone insulin plays a pivotal role in diabetes management by transporting sugar from the blood into cells for storage or energy use. In diabetes, the body either does not produce enough insulin or does not utilize it effectively, resulting in untreated high blood sugar that can cause damage to various organs. Types of Diabetes: There are two main types of diabetes: Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 diabetes, also known as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, typically appears during childhood or adolescence, and indi...